It’s still odd that someone would see a battle of wits between Katie Couric and Sarah Palin as a fight Couric would win. Jeff Bercovici of Portfolio.com reported in a brief item that Couric revealed in a panel discussion that she boned up with anti-Palin foreign-policy advisors before interviewing the Alaska governor. Peter Kafka of All Things Digital featured this piece of the Bercovici report:
Couric shed some light on her preparation for the interviews: Beforehand, she sought advice from former senator Sam Nunn and Council on Foreign Relations president Richard Haas [actually, it’s Haass]. They told her to draw Palin out on her geopolitical worldview and urged her to let the governor speak at length without interrupting her. Maybe she should bring them along with her when she takes over at Meet the Press?
That would be a sad day for substance on Meet the Press, if it ever happened. Sam Nunn, of course, is now leading the Obama transition team on defense policy, and Haass and was probably familiar to Couric through his appearances as an analyst on NBC. Haass was a top aide to Colin Powell in the first two years of the Bush administration, and remember, Powell endorsed Obama. Haass publicly expressed Vice President Palin would be way too inexperienced for the veep job.
Kafka noted that Bercovici's story was pulled – not because it was inaccurate, but because Portfolio sponsored the panel discussion with the media investment group Quadrangle, which insisted on a no-press policy. Did Couric's camp complain? Kafka thought the no-press policy was ironic for a panel stuffed with press:
Again, it’s Quadrangle’s conference, and they can run it however they’d like. But it seems particularly ironic that the one story that did get published, then pulled, was about a panel of professional communicators: CBS (CBS) news anchor Katie Couric, NBC anchor Brian Williams and ABC’s George Stephanopoulos.
Maybe these top journalists only appeared with a no-press promise. On November 4, Felix Gillette of the New York Observer found that Couric declared that she’s been disappointed that a lot of interviewers have gone soft on their subjects. Does someone need to get Katie a highlight reel of her kissy-kissy interviews with Barack and especially Hillary? But on Palin, the Observer said wow, that was damaging:
"The interviews were important," said Ms. Couric. "I don’t mean to sound too self-congratulatory, because anytime a candidate does an interview, if it’s properly done, it should be revealing. Quite frankly, I’ve been disappointed by the lack of persistence I’ve seen in a lot of political interviews this season."
As part of the article's attempts to build up Katie's journalistic reputation as she keeps CBS solidly in third place, Katie’s executive producer Rick Kaplan – the informal Bill Clinton buddy and adviser – also touted how extraordinary Couric was:
"A lot of people interviewed Sarah Palin," said Mr. Kaplan, the executive producer. "The one they'll be talking about ten years from now is Katie's." Mr. Kaplan said he disagreed with recent suggestions that the impact of the interview was due, in part, to Ms. Couric and Ms. Palin's shared gender – what might be called the undermining sister theory of what tripped up Ms. Palin. "It didn't have anything to do with the whether Katie was a woman or a Martian," said Mr. Kaplan. "It had to do with the fact that the quality of Katie's questions were extraordinary, and the qualities of Sarah Palin's answers were controversial."
As for serious foreign-policy interviews, no one should forget Brent Baker's report on Katie dragging her foreign-policy advisors into an earlier interview with Condi Rice: "To quote my daughter, 'Who made us the boss of them?'"
Does anyone really think Couric would have been "extraordinary" if the roles were reversed and Palin was asking the questions and Couric was giving the answers?
—Tim Graham is Director of Media Analysis at the Media Research Center.
Editor at Large
Comments Policy
covert mtgs
November 14, 2008 - 07:25 ET by sawing battathe meetings were held at a Kinkos in Abiline, Texas.
Don't worry Sarah.....
November 14, 2008 - 07:25 ET by old croCuteKatieCouric annoys me too.
Woah, Tim, you almost gave
November 14, 2008 - 08:58 ET by motherbeltWoah, Tim, you almost gave me a heart attack!
You said "when she takes over at Meet the Press" and your "if it ever happened" was after the jump!
Don't do that so early in the morning!!
Updated: For got to add:
And the people she prepped with who had a favorable opinion of Palin were....
<crickets>
TYPO!!
November 14, 2008 - 11:38 ET by STANISZCHARLIE Calm down folk,s. What he meant to say is that she is, "Pressing the meat" !!. Very lonely at BLACK ROCK.
If Couric had a brain
November 14, 2008 - 07:33 ET by 10ksnookerHer ratings wouldn't be in the tank, and she would still be on that other show. Proves it doesn't take brains to read a teleprompter.
Didn't we err, ahh, uhhh ... already know that?
Katie Couric is a total loser.
November 14, 2008 - 16:24 ET by Captain KirockAgreed. Her ratings are in the toilet and she will be replaced within a year.
Couric has been interviewing people for what 20 years? And she still has to consult with the Obama campaign when interviewing Palin. What a total loser.
CuteKatie sure needs help......
November 14, 2008 - 07:39 ET by old croto be relevant, but what do you expext from someone on the "me" side of "prime", or is it the "pri"ma donna side of "prime"?
So Katie lacks talent,
November 14, 2008 - 07:54 ET by Bighead227brains, scruples and integrity. Tell me something I didn't know already.
One thing that they got wrong is
November 14, 2008 - 07:57 ET by Karla10 years from now the Couric interview will not even be talked of/while Katie Couric may dwell on the sidelines of some type of news thing Sarah Palin will continue to go on and be successful as she is what she portrays someone intelligent with good values who truly cares about this country and wants to see us move forward the right way.
I was actually being kind to katie I am sure in ten years we all will be saying "Katie who?"
Sad Day in the United States
November 14, 2008 - 08:01 ET by mountainman08The journalism that took place throughout this whole election proccess totalled up to a sad day in the United States. After watching CBS, NBC, ABC and MSNBC swing totally to the Democratic side of broadcasting and negative broadcasting towards the Republicans night after night. It is unbelievable the propaganda that took place even towards Hillary Clinton against BHO. This was not a fair election and the press powers to be made sure of that and knew all along what they were doing. Too bad there isn't a check and balance process against the press. Thank God there are internet sites like this one. The sad thing is the majority of the public does not know these sites exist.
Regards.........
From the Mountains in northern New Mexico.
Don't cry too much for Hillary, mm
November 14, 2008 - 11:13 ET by Scout FinchShe's in the running for Sec'y of State for Obama, and could yet be named to SCOTUS. With ACORN working hard to place Stuart Smalley, er, Al Franken in the Senate, their 60-seat majority will pass Hillary as SCOTUS with nary a peep from the Republicans.
Hillary is doing better under Obama than she would have on her own. Come to think of it, has that woman done anything on her own?
WHO...
November 14, 2008 - 08:40 ET by AJBare the sponsors of the CBS national news? Why is anyone buying their products? Why are we not sending them emails to stop buying time on the networks? Why are we not filing complaints for license violations with the FCC for local affiliates?
UNTIL WE STAND TOGETHER AND DO SOMETHING we should just shut up! All we do is complain about media bias.
WE REPRESENT 50+% of the United States. We have purchasing power (one could argue much more than 50%!!). DO IT NOW! START THE UPRISING NOW! I'M MAD AS HELL AND WON'T TAKE IT ANYMORE!!!!
Who's with me? Anyone? Anyone? Buehler?
AJB
November 14, 2008 - 08:42 ET by SemperrightStart a list of advertisers.
You lead, we will follow,
Semper Fi
The Marines I have seen around the world have the cleanest bodies, the filthiest minds, the highest morale, and the lowest morals of any group of animals I have ever seen. Thank God for the
Finally! a PLAN! and
November 14, 2008 - 08:53 ET by sherylsimsFinally! a PLAN! and with this whole economic slowdown I will have no trouble NOT buying certain products from advertisers, (But I won't tell them I probably wouldn't have bought their crap anyway.) It is amazing how McDonalds decided to back out of the political arena when about half their "family based" customers quit eating there due to their pro homosexual decisions. It does work because for them the dollar is the bottom line. Especially now.
FRIGGIN' EXACTLY!!!! But I
November 14, 2008 - 08:59 ET by AJBFRIGGIN' EXACTLY!!!! But I still do not buy from Mickey D's... they're infested at the highest levels. They'll find a way to slip it to them on the side... or back!
ewwww! Giving new meaning to
November 14, 2008 - 09:01 ET by sherylsimsewwww! Giving new meaning to the name "Big Mac"
I'm all for that! PM me
November 14, 2008 - 09:33 ET by andophiroxiaI'm all for that! PM me with names and I shall write to them!
“You have enemies? Good. That means you’ve stood up for something, sometime in your life.” ~ Winston Churchill
Tim, who's job is more important?
November 14, 2008 - 08:49 ET by abeautifulpersonkatie's media job or the VP of the US of A?
the other interviews mentions just seemed easier. not because of the questions asked, but the answers given.
couric wasn't running for VP. couric may not be very smart, but she's smart enough to know she isn't smart enough to be VP.
if palin were smart enough to be VP she would have known she wasn't ready. but she leapt 'without hesitation'. not a very smart way to introduce oneself to the american electorate. was it just inexperience? or is palin just not smart enough, period?
Sorry ABP, you dont understand.
November 14, 2008 - 11:59 ET by JohnJDunbarThe point of this concern about Katie is that she made a point both in preparation, presentation and editing of the Palin interview to try and make her appear "unfit" or "not ready" to serve as the V.P.
This montra had been repeated as the MSM focus for weeks and Couricwas certainly trying to re-establish her "bona-fides" with the MSM community.
What makes this a discussion is that Couric admits she consulted anti-Palin sources for advise. Yet she makes no attempt, or offers no rationale as to why she did not ask advisors about Joe Biden's past, or why she so openly offered no response when Biden made those silly FDR comments.
As a teleprompter newscaster, there is little doubt that Couric lacks many of the qualities necessary to be an independent journalist. Her many years of living in NYC and surrounding herself with left wing Manhattenites and Beltway people have removed any chance of objectivity, however she should have made some attempt at conducting each interview she did to every candidate with the same level of thoroughness and preparation.
Her years of being the "perky one" on that mind numbing "Today Show" are over. She can only soft focus the camera so much. The average person that watches the Today Show is not interested in facts, just fluff. Stupid stories that offer nothing other than spin. The CBS brass are ready to dump her, but that interview saved her, maybe for a few more months. That was her motivation for "getting" Palin. No one watches Couric, no one thinks she is credible, and no one thinks she is "perky" any more.
So please, ABP. Stop being a partisan, which will be difficult, and present your arguments with intellect, not ignorance.
don't mistake my opinion of palin for opinion of couric
November 14, 2008 - 13:21 ET by abeautifulpersoni don't think much couric. and i agree with much of what you say (although your last paragraph made me and baby jesus cry).
but this: painting palin as a victim of couric, is pretty lame. i watched biden get grilled by some dim-twit out of florida in a joke interview. i watched obama handle o'reilly in an interview where interruptions and accusations replaced journalism. i've seen mccain handle challenging interviews... but this continued attack on couric is weak. palin flunked that interview. plain and simple. making excuses and beating a dead horse won't change that. nuff said.
Another ignorant appraisal
November 14, 2008 - 13:42 ET by NL207Another ignorant appraisal from a veritable font of ignorance.
The number one criteria for any holder of public office is fidelity. On this measure Palin does very well. Obama, on the other hand, is a blackguard who has already discarded his campaign pledges as superfluous baggage. to. wit: That sleazy liar told the public he was going to give 95% of all Americans a tax cut. That will never happen and that craven postsurer knew this when he made that empty promise. He has more recently admitted that will not be done anytime in the early years of his Presidency.
And Unlce Joe Biden is smart enough to be VP?
November 14, 2008 - 16:20 ET by Captain KirockPlease, tell me one or two things regarding foreign policy that Uncle Joe has been right about.
Uncle Joe has a 30 year record of being wrong on almost every major foreign policy issue this country has faced, yet Couric and the rest of the media gave him a total pass while beating on Palin.
The true measure
November 14, 2008 - 09:06 ET by TelemarkTumalo"....They told her to draw Palin out on her geopolitical worldview and urged
her to let the governor speak at length without interrupting her....."
Interesting that the MSM continues to be blamed for the McCain/Palin run for the White House and yet little responsibility is placed upon the Republican candidates, the Republican platform or the Bush administration. This follows a predictable pattern of mourning as the first step is indeed denial, and in this case to blame others for a disappointing loss. Hard to believe that Couric is criticized for allowing Gov. Palin to expound on foreign policy, world views or to allow her to speak at length about any topic. Shouldn't this allow a candidate of substance to shine? Most political candidates would leap at an opportunity to use free prime time coverage by one of the big three networks to espouse their cause. No doubt about it... Palin didn't fare well in her interview with Couric. After all, Couric is a television "journalist". And how many journalists do any of us know who wouldn't love to interview a candidate of Palin's stature? If a candidate can't fare well against a relative lighweight like Couric, what does that say about her ability to stand toe to toe with leaders from Russia, Iran or China?
"To announce that there must be no criticism of the
President, or that we are to stand by the President, right or wrong, is
not only unpatriotic and servile, but is morally treasonable to the
American public." President Theodore Roosevelt
Since it was the media that picked McCain over all others...
November 14, 2008 - 09:19 ET by JohnMcGrew...I think the discussion is completely relevant. When compared side-by-side with the other competing Republicans running, McCain was the most liberal. In fact, seperate his stands on defence issues and the war, McCain actually could be a Democrat.
Got a Spell Checker ?
November 14, 2008 - 09:22 ET by MillerTimeWarpIts DEFENSE, not defence.
He's not even close to being a Democrap. He never dodged the draft.
If he could, he woulda!!
November 14, 2008 - 11:51 ET by STANISZCHARLIE You see now why this guy was shot down on only his second or third flight. He was lucky he got off the flight deck without crashing into the south china sea whenever he got behind the wheel. I, was in Nam and ran into plenty of these, PRIVILEGED CHARACTERS WITH NO BRAINS!!. This is one of many reasons we were tied up for full victory. They were more concerned about land beautification than killing the enemy.
and...
November 14, 2008 - 09:20 ET by AJBTo your Roosevelt quote... don't forget that Comrade Glorious Supreme Leader Obama ALREADY HAS TRUTH SQUADS! Be afraid... be VERY afraid!
If a candidate can't fare
November 14, 2008 - 09:37 ET by SeashellIf a candidate can't fare well against a relative lighweight like Couric, what does that say about her ability to stand toe to toe with leaders from Russia, Iran or China?
There is something to be said for that. However, keep in mind that Couric only threw softballs to Obama and Biden. She did not ask them any tough questions. She just grinned and fawned over both of them to the point of being nauseating. Thanks to the press we won't have and idea how Obama will stand toe to toe with these leaders until something actually happens.
(Had Couric actually INTERVIEWED Obama and Biden, Palin's interview may have by comparison been viewed as great.)
Couric revealed in a panel
November 14, 2008 - 09:21 ET by SeashellCouric revealed in a panel discussion that she boned up with anti-Palin foreign-policy advisors before interviewing the Alaska governor.
I didn't think that my opinion of the press (especially Ms. Couric) could sink any lower, but with this revelation, it has. This just proves that Couric wasn't trying to interview Palin to get to the truth, but to do anything she could get away with to make Palin look bad. Has she no shame? She certainly has NO integrity.
Sign me up for the boycott of CBS News sponsors you guys were talking about in posts above.
It's a sad commentary on
November 14, 2008 - 09:32 ET by suzycreamcheeseIt's a sad commentary on our media when they treat kidnappers, terrorists, and murderers like Putin and Ahmadinejad with kid gloves and much respect when they are interviewed and tear into conservatives like a wolf pack.
Instead of tearing down this country with their rhetoric, Couric and her ilk need to get on their knees and kiss American soil for being allowed to make millions they don't deserve.
Ya know Suzie
November 14, 2008 - 12:26 ET by Secret ConservativeYou brought up another good point. How dare Katie Couric, Brian Williams, et al rail on about CEO compensation when they make such a huge amount of money for basically reading to people on TV!!!! Clearly their talent is in reading, and not in listening.
"Quite frankly, I’ve been
November 14, 2008 - 09:34 ET by andophiroxia"Quite frankly, I’ve been disappointed by the lack of persistence I’ve seen in a lot of political interviews this season."
So have we Katie, but we're laughing AT you, not with you.
“You have enemies? Good. That means you’ve stood up for something, sometime in your life.” ~ Winston Churchill
Quite frankly, I’ve been
November 14, 2008 - 09:40 ET by SeashellQuite frankly, I’ve been disappointed by the lack of persistence I’ve seen in a lot of political interviews this season."
How she has the audacity to say this is nothing less than stunning.
Katie isn't intelligent, but it doesn't seem...
November 14, 2008 - 10:24 ET by ThalpyKatie isn't intelligent, but it doesn't seem to matter.
Couric
November 14, 2008 - 09:44 ET by SemusThis type of thing was so obvious except to the complete lost causes. When are people like Couric going to be held accountable for this? Couric is an operative, thats all. I really don't know how much impact she and people like her have, but it seems like it's a great deal. If this past election cycle is any example.
She seems angry all the time
November 14, 2008 - 10:23 ET by zachlindLooks like Perk-Perk is still smarting from her public colonoscopy.
Katie Couric: MSM's biggest laughing stock?
November 14, 2008 - 10:54 ET by Mary Louise TurnerHer ratings are in the toilet and her credibility is next to none. She fawns at Messrs. Obama and Biden, throwing asinine questions at them while putting Mr. McCain and Mrs. Palin through the meat grinder. Katie Couric is so obnoxious that I can't even bear to look at her anymore.
OK, fellow NB posters. Who is the biggest MSM laughingstock: Katie Couric, Chris "Thrill Up My Leg" Matthews, or Keith Olbermann? I'll have to admit, the choice is pretty tough...
BOYCOTT CBS ADVERTISERS!
November 14, 2008 - 11:00 ET by AJBBOYCOTT CBS ADVERTISERS!
Katie has my vote
November 14, 2008 - 12:30 ET by SouthJersey1953for the MSM Jokester....
Luke 23:34
PALIN/Jindal '12
Fair and Balanced
November 14, 2008 - 11:34 ET by legacyrepublicanThe real problem is that Ms. Couric failed to take the same approach with Obama.
Instead, she just swooned and doted on Obama and how special he was.
What Ms. Couric did was to unwittingly make Palin stronger and more ready for her next step into the national stage. And for that, I am glad.
We need more GOPs like Gov. Palin!
And, we really really really need another Tim Russert to bring back some balance to Meet the Press, not little miss perky!
MORE TO COME!!
November 14, 2008 - 12:10 ET by STANISZCHARLIE The kool aid drinkers are only doing what they are told to do. Don,t you realize if you are oider than, 50 years old that this has been a complete brain drain on the public since the, KENNEDY ELECTION in 60. SOLD OUT TO THE BlACKS FOR THE VOTE. J.edgar HAD THE DIRT on the, KING AND INSTEAD TURNED THE TAPES INTO white house PRIVATE SCREENINGS, Then the civil rights garbage that was overextended by the left to control the vote to where we are now. black panthers, j. jackson, the olympics, Black caucus, CASSIUS CLAY, conyers , waters, al sharpton, and the flood of no matter what the product is a black is used!! We shoul boycott all these products.
I am really, really sorry
November 14, 2008 - 11:37 ET by FifflebergerI am really, really sorry to say this, because Newsbusters is an excellent critique of leftist lies, but this is absolutely horrible writing. It goes from talking about what was reported about a panel discussion, and another organization that reported on that report, THEN says the report was pulled because some sponsors of the panel didn't want press there.
WHAT?
Where was the report pulled from? For God's sake learn how to write. This is basic stuff: when there are too many complicated details to write a coherent story, just focus on one main point, which I would think was that Couric used Obama people to undermine Palin. And you say that in the title, yet you proceed to lay out these inane, meander thoughts. ADD at its best...or worst.
Digusting!
November 14, 2008 - 12:18 ET by natgoldieCouric is a pathetic journalist who was simply out to get Palin and make her look like a fool. Couric was pursuing her own agenda at the expense of the American people. She should be fired! Her credibility as being fair and balanced is gone!
The Perky One
November 14, 2008 - 12:27 ET by semolina_filcher...'scuse me but Perky Couric was never fair and balanced....at the time, rumors were she may have bedded someone in the CBS News hierarchy to get the top anchor job......bet that didn't get reported in the leftist press!
Obama is not mein fuhrer
I mean she gets by with that
November 14, 2008 - 12:29 ET by semolina_filcherI mean she gets by with that mousy scowl she puts on, tryin' hard to be likeable.
Obama is not mein fuhrer
Most of the current crop of
November 14, 2008 - 12:30 ET by marvlMost of the current crop of MSM personalities are little more than intellectually challenged "beautiful" people. Katie is a perfect example: the former college cheerleader and sorority sister with a degree in "American Studies." As you know, any college degree of the form "X Studies" is one of those affirmative action programs to allow clueless idiots to obtain a college diploma.
The real irony is that Couric is most certainly less intelligent and less well informed than Sarah Palin. But Couric hunkered down, studied hard, and boned up on how she could trip up and embarrass Sarah, and with the help of several hundred foreign policy advisors, she succeeded. What does this reveal? Little of Sarah Palin. Boatloads about Katie Couric, including the fact that she lacks both the skills and the morals necessary to be a good journalist.
I guess the real problem is taking people who can be made to look good in front of a camera and who can be trained to read convincingly from a teleprompter and calling them journalists.
Amazin Palin
November 14, 2008 - 13:22 ET by iiiireaderWhat I find pretty amazing is how much we are talking about Gov. Palin more than a week after the election. Since I find her pretty amazing - I am happy to see that she, more than anyone else, is the center of attention.
I had predicted that we would see much of her during Obama's term. She is perfectly positioned to offer critical analysis of all the mistakes he is bound to make. She is the current top star of the GOP (though not the only one - many others are will rise up during the next couple of years) and can get attention from the media at a drop of a hat. They may well love to tear into her - but they can't ignore her. She will become quite a fixture on news programs for the forseeable future - and a voice of reason and hope as the country wakes up to the socialist and gloomy plan that Obama calls "change."
Couric - who cares? Even she has to hark back to her interview of Palin to get attention. It will certainly be the last interview she gets with Palin so she had better make the most of it while she can. I can just see her years from now, a little old crazy woman trying to get attention "I was the one who interviewed her way back when" while people step around her by a wide berth.
On a slightly side note - the plan of the GOP governors to show how the country should be run based on how they run their states (with the notable exception of California) will be a winning tactic. If you compare the economy of the state of Texas to that of Michigan - well, it's easy to see which comes off as the governance to emulate.
Sadly, Arnie was the best of the lot.
November 14, 2008 - 17:56 ET by andophiroxiaWe had a porn star, MECHA nutso, and other socialist nutsos wanting to take California back after Gray Davis was recalled--Arnie seemed to be the best choice. Not only that, but there was that deeply entrenched Democrat legislation we have here in CA.
Looking back, maybe the porn star was a better choice.
/sarc
“You have enemies? Good. That means you’ve stood up for something, sometime in your life.” ~ Winston Churchill
So where was Katie's
November 14, 2008 - 13:44 ET by greenfairieSo where was Katie's expertise when Joe Biden told her to her face that President Roosevelt addressed the nation on t.v. back in 1929?
Or maybe she didn't know either.
When the Dems next re-write history books....
November 14, 2008 - 14:47 ET by iiiireaderthey'll take care of this pesky little problem. With their mastery of all techie tools, I'm sure we'll get some expertly photoshoped images of families in 1929 sitting around their TVs watching Pres. FDR addressing the nation.
Sigh... it would be funny if it weren't potentially all too true.
Couric shed some light on
November 14, 2008 - 16:11 ET by TN MomCouric shed some light on her preparation for the interviews: Beforehand, she sought advice from former senator Sam Nunn and Council on Foreign Relations president Richard Haas.
I can't wait for the sequel to Couric's un-authorized biography to find out if she returned the favor sexually.
It was pulled
November 15, 2008 - 04:03 ET by Mycos...because it was another in a never-ending series of lies right-wing conservatives must tell themselves to justify their stance as advocates of gross inequality in America when they themselves aren't wealthy enough to profit from voting that way. It's self-delusion on a massive scale, just as the DHS counter-terrorism panel predicts with their paper identifying RWCs as the most likly source of any further politically motivated violence or terrorism.
Political Conservatism As Motivated Social Cognition:
http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~hannahk/conservatism.html
How do these people with
November 15, 2008 - 20:03 ET by RR GOPHow do these people with low ratings keep their jobs? Astounding.
But, there again CEOs of failing companies walk away with millions, so what do I know. I don't watch these major networks anymore except for football.
I wonder if Palin does end up in the Senate, and if four years from now with experience on a city council, mayor, governor and senator she'll still be too stupid and inexperienced for our illustrious Fourth Estate?
You betcha!
One of the 24% who thinks George W. Bush was a great President. One of the 89% who wants to bring back the stock and pillory.